Ohms Law - Voltage and Current relationship

Ohms Law is a key rule for analyzing electrical circuits, describing the relationship between three key physical quantities: voltage, current, and resistance. It represents that the current is proportional to the voltage across two points, with the constant of proportionality being the resistance. Using Ohms Law The relationship defined by Ohms law is generally expressed in three equivalent forms: I VÂ  /Â  RR V / IV IR with these variables defined across a conductor between two points in the following way: I represents the electrical current, in units of amperes. V represents the voltage measured across the conductor in volts, and R represents the resistance of the conductor in ohms. One way to think of this conceptually is that as a current, I, flows across a resistor (or even across a non-perfect conductor, which has some resistance), R, then the current is losing energy. The energy before it crosses the conductor is therefore going to be higher than the energy after it crosses the conductor, and this difference in electrical is represented in the voltage difference, V, across the conductor. The voltage difference and current between two points can be measured, which means that resistance itself is a derived quantity that cannot be directly measured experimentally. However, when we insert some element into a circuit that has a known resistance value, then you are able to use that resistance along with a measured voltage or current to identify the other unknown quantity. History of Ohms Law German physicist and mathematician Georg Simon Ohm (March 16, 1789 - July 6, 1854 C.E.) conducted research in electricity in 1826 and 1827, publishing the results that came to be known as Ohms Law in 1827. He was able to measure the current with a galvanometer, and tried a couple of different set-ups to establish his voltage difference. The first was a voltaic pile, similar to the original batteries created in 1800 by Alessandro Volta. In looking for a more stable voltage source, he later switched to thermocouples, which create a voltage difference based to a temperature difference. What he actually directly measured was that the current was proportional to the temperature difference between the two electrical junctures, but since the voltage difference was directly related to the temperature, this means that the current was proportional to the voltage difference. In simple terms, if you doubled the temperature difference, you doubled the voltage and also doubled the current. (Assuming, of course, that your thermocouple doesnt melt or something. There are practical limits where this would break down.) Ohm wasnt actually the first to have investigated this sort of relationship, despite publishing first. Previous work by British scientist Henry Cavendish (October 10, 1731 - February 24, 1810 C.E.) in the 1780s had resulted in him making comments in his journals that seemed to indicate the same relationship. Without this being published or otherwise communicated to other scientists of his day, Cavendishs results werent known, leaving the opening for Ohm to make the discovery. Thats why this article isnt entitled Cavendishs Law. These results were later published in 1879 by James Clerk Maxwell, but by that point the credit was already established for Ohm. Other Forms of Ohms Law Another way of representing Ohms Law was developed by Gustav Kirchhoff (of Kirchoffs Laws fame), and takes the form of: J ÏÆ'E where these variables stand for: J represents the current density (or electrical current per unit area of cross section) of the material. This is a vector quantity representing a value in a vector field, meaning it contains both a magnitude and a direction.sigma represents the conductivity of the material, which is dependent upon the physical properties of the individual material. The conductivity is the reciprocal of the resistivity of the material. E represents the electric field at that location. It is also a vector field. The original formulation of Ohms Law is basically an idealized model, which doesnt take into account the individual physical variations within the wires or the electric field moving through it. For most basic circuit applications, this simplification is perfectly fine, but when going into more detail, or working with more precise circuitry elements, it may be important to consider how the current relationship is different within different parts of the material, and thats where this more general version of the equation comes into play.

The Effects Of Minority Stress On Mental Health Within The...

Introduction The purpose of this study was to prove how minority stress correlates with mental health within the transgender community. As defined by Meriam-Webster Dictionary, transgender â€Å"is relating to, or being a person who identifies with or expresses a gender identity that differs from the one which corresponds to the person s sex at birth† (Merriam-Webster, 2016). For example, male to female, or female to male. However, researchers in this study used the minority stress model, which suggested that the stress associated with stigma, prejudice, and discrimination will increase rates of psychological distress in the transgender population (Bockting, Miner†¦ Coleman, 2013). As evident from past research, physical violence, verbal harassment and employment discriminations were some of the many types of societal prejudices. In fact, as seen in the article, these stresses create depression, anxiety, and other types of mental illness within the transgender community. However, researcher’s goals were to see exactly how these different variables increased levels of stress. For example, was there negative types of stigma that were less or more server, and what could help to alleviate stress? Review of Literature The article in review is Stigma, Mental Health, and Resilience in an Online Sample of the US Transgender Population. As a diverse group, transgender people can be seen as a movement that is on the rise. Today, more transgender people are stepping out, and expressingShow MoreRelatedLGBT Community and Discrimination.1291 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Homosexuality† it often conjures up a mental picture of people fighting for their rights, which were unjustly taken away or even the social emergence of gay culture in the world in the1980s and the discovery of AIDS. However, many people do not know that the history of LGBT people stretches as far back in humanity’s history, and continues in this day and age. Nevertheless, the LGBT community today faces much discrimination and adversity. Many think the problem lies within society itself, and often enoughRead MoreMental Health Is A State Of Complete Physical, Mental, And Social Environment Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION: The WHO definition of health states: Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. An important part of this definition is that mental health is not just absence of mental disorders or disabilities, it is defined as the state of well being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contributionRead MoreBeing Part Of A Stigmatized Group1287 Words   |  6 Pagesdevalued. Specifically, individuals in the LGBTQIA (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual) population have unique experiences that proliferate the rate of being marginalized. This marginalization can negatively affect the individual and can be portrayed in multiple ways. At the society level, Herek Garnets (2007) coined the term sexual stigma to describe this phenomenon in relation to sexual minorities. Sex ual stigma, in the researcher’s terms, means that there is an inferiorRead MoreEffects of Violence on Adolescence1408 Words   |  6 Pages Violence is a malicious act done by a human being that has the intention of harming or killing another living being. Violence is everywhere: in the home, in the school, and in the community. Violence causes negative effects to humans’ mental health. These negative effects may trigger symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and even anxiety. Symptoms of these disorders can be some of the following: anxiousness, avoidant behavior, feeling a loss of motivation, and feeling of uneasiness. ViolenceRead MoreEssay on The Mental Health of Individuals in the LGBT community3244 Words   |  13 PagesThe mental health of individuals in the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered) community is something that is a serious problem. For most of the history of the United States and many different parts of the world LGBT people faced mu ch persecution and in some cases even death. This constant fear of discovery and the pressure that one feels on oneself when â€Å"in the closet† can lead to major mental distress. Research has shown that people who identify as LGBT are twice as likely to develop lifetimeRead MoreA Research Study On The Lgbt Homeless Youth Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesThese costs and effects are in are in another research project. Markus Bidell, Professor of Education at CUNY, research stress levels in the LGBT Homeless Youth. â€Å"Is There an Emotional Cost of Completing High School? Ecological Factors and Psychological Distress Among LGBT Homeless Youth,† was a conducted study of LGBT homeless youth experiences in during high school (Bidell 366). Bidell reported that 40 percent did not compete high school, and most did not search for support from GSAs and schoolRead MoreFactors That Influence Lgbt Peoples Health Through The Lens Of Violence1717 Words   |  7 PagesLesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people face poorer health outcomes than heterosexuals. In our society, people still classify LGBT people as deviant, dysfunctional, abnormal and immoral (Sloan and Gustavsson, n.d). Most disturbing is the impact of such stereotyping on LGBT youth. Violence against these marginalize and vulnerable group has led to disparity in health outcome as well as the loss of lives. According to Pollock 2006 (p.29) â€Å"same-sex orientation is a significant risk factorRead MoreTransgender Women And Depression : Cbt Approaches3770 Words   |  16 PagesTransgender women and Depression: CBT Approaches This paper will address the following topics in relation to applying TA-CBT strategies to Transgender women contending with depression. Why depression is a problem among transgender women, how CBT can be applied to working with women who are dealing with depression, the history and development of CBT, how TA-CBT can be used in practice, and evidence that supports the application of TA-CBT in treating depression among Transgender women. By utilizingRead MoreThe Effects Of Prenatal Hormones On The Developing Fetus1510 Words   |  7 Pagestoo much testosterone. These differences, in turn, can impact sexual orientation (Mustanski, Chivers, Bailey, 2002). Regardless, homosexuality is not caused by hormone imbalances in adulthood; the hormone levels of most gay men and lesbians are within the normal range (Banks Gartrell, 1995). Hormonal imbalances during pregnancy may change areas of the brain that adapt sexual behavior. Support for this idea comes from the finding that parts of the hypothalamus, which is connected with sexualRead MoreMilitary Policy Regarding Sexual Orientation3592 Words   |  15 Pagesinclusion of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. As U.S. public opinion, policy, and behavior toward LGB individuals has changed, the military has incrementally removed exclusionary policies and procedures toward service members of sexual minority status. However, a recent review suggests that even as momentous changes are taking place in the social and political context related to LGB issues, there has been a decline in attention to the needs of lesbian and gay men as reflected by content

Global Warming AD Free Essays

As the sun’s harmful rays beam through the depleting ozone layer the globe begins to warm, earths polar ice caps melt and slowly start the elimination of life. This ad demonstrates the cause and effect of global warming. The world inside the lower quadrant of the hourglass is slowly getting swallowed by the sea due to the melting ice caps above. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming AD or any similar topic only for you Order Now Within the hourglass there’s text stating â€Å"we are slowly running out of time, act now before it’s too late†. In the top of the hour glass a polar bear and penguin sit upon two nearly melted ice caps. The world below has cars driving into a city passed chopped down trees, and a gas station. Although the ad appears to be warning us of global warming, it’s actually warning us of our own selfishness! The ad uses three main tactics to achieve this, presentation of text, types of images, and image composition. The advertisers decided to use presentation of text in a subtle way to get their point across. The display of the text in this ad has diminutive properties. This relates to the feeling human beings have towards the situation of global warming. It indicates that we conveniently believe it’s a small issue and doesn’t need to be presented as a major problem. People avoid the truth and would rather just pass it on to the next generation to deal with. The use of this tactic helps sell the idea that we are to selfish to address the situation. Even though we have scientific evidence that global warming is happening, and that the polar ice caps are melting, people still don’t want to make it an issue. People would rather act selfish and destroy the earth then be inconvenienced and have to give up their comfortable lives. A stronger tactic used by the advertiser is the use of types of images, which provides us with further evidence. The types of images used in this ad show the advertisers point in a more straight forward manner. They use the images of street lights leading up to a city full of high-rises to provide us with the notion that we abuse energy. On the sides of the road there’s chopped down trees and a gas station indicating how human beings rape our land of its natural resources. Cars fill the street showing a luxury that pollutes and destroys the earth. All of which directly correlates with the image of the melting polar ice caps in the top of the hourglass. Once again it sells the idea that the ad informs us of our own selfishness. It indicates that people will do anything for their luxuries, even if it destroys our own planet. Providing evidence that our selfishness will not let anything stand between us and the things we love, even at the highest cost. By using a less noticeable, although stronger tactic, composition of images provides us with further evidence of their strategy. Image composition is the last and strongest tactic used by the advertiser. In the top frame of the hourglass the ice cap sits in pure blue water. In the lower section of the hourglass the earth is being swallowed by stagnant deathly water indicating the lack of life. Plus in the top frame a polar bear and a penguin sit perched anticipating their final moments of life as their worlds slowly melt away. As two birds hover above ground as their world disappears as well. This sells the idea by showing that people are too selfish to care not just about their own lives, but also every other life on this planet. Other creatures are going to die directly caused by our actions. The sea water levels are going to rise while the land becomes engulfed causing life on earth to diminish. And we are too selfish to look around and realize that we are destroying all habitats. Yet we still act like we are alone on this planet. This ad warns us of both global warming and our selfishness as human beings. By combining three tactics, presentation of text, types of images, and image composition the advertisers show us the affects of both. The use of dying animals, abused natural resources, man made cars, and the melting polar ice cap allows us to see the correlation between the issue of global warming and our selfishness. The presentation of text raises the awareness of people thinking it’s not a major situation, thus selling the ideas of global warming and our selfishness towards the belief of global warming. Each involves us in a selfish manner and uses cause and effect to sell the product. If humans keep being selfish and don’t stop taking advantage of our planet, then there will be no planet left to take advantage of. How to cite Global Warming AD, Papers

Global Warming AD Free Essays

As the sun’s harmful rays beam through the depleting ozone layer the globe begins to warm, earths polar ice caps melt and slowly start the elimination of life. This ad demonstrates the cause and effect of global warming. The world inside the lower quadrant of the hourglass is slowly getting swallowed by the sea due to the melting ice caps above. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming AD or any similar topic only for you Order Now Within the hourglass there’s text stating â€Å"we are slowly running out of time, act now before it’s too late†. In the top of the hour glass a polar bear and penguin sit upon two nearly melted ice caps. The world below has cars driving into a city passed chopped down trees, and a gas station. Although the ad appears to be warning us of global warming, it’s actually warning us of our own selfishness! The ad uses three main tactics to achieve this, presentation of text, types of images, and image composition. The advertisers decided to use presentation of text in a subtle way to get their point across. The display of the text in this ad has diminutive properties. This relates to the feeling human beings have towards the situation of global warming. It indicates that we conveniently believe it’s a small issue and doesn’t need to be presented as a major problem. People avoid the truth and would rather just pass it on to the next generation to deal with. The use of this tactic helps sell the idea that we are to selfish to address the situation. Even though we have scientific evidence that global warming is happening, and that the polar ice caps are melting, people still don’t want to make it an issue. People would rather act selfish and destroy the earth then be inconvenienced and have to give up their comfortable lives. A stronger tactic used by the advertiser is the use of types of images, which provides us with further evidence. The types of images used in this ad show the advertisers point in a more straight forward manner. They use the images of street lights leading up to a city full of high-rises to provide us with the notion that we abuse energy. On the sides of the road there’s chopped down trees and a gas station indicating how human beings rape our land of its natural resources. Cars fill the street showing a luxury that pollutes and destroys the earth. All of which directly correlates with the image of the melting polar ice caps in the top of the hourglass. Once again it sells the idea that the ad informs us of our own selfishness. It indicates that people will do anything for their luxuries, even if it destroys our own planet. Providing evidence that our selfishness will not let anything stand between us and the things we love, even at the highest cost. By using a less noticeable, although stronger tactic, composition of images provides us with further evidence of their strategy. Image composition is the last and strongest tactic used by the advertiser. In the top frame of the hourglass the ice cap sits in pure blue water. In the lower section of the hourglass the earth is being swallowed by stagnant deathly water indicating the lack of life. Plus in the top frame a polar bear and a penguin sit perched anticipating their final moments of life as their worlds slowly melt away. As two birds hover above ground as their world disappears as well. This sells the idea by showing that people are too selfish to care not just about their own lives, but also every other life on this planet. Other creatures are going to die directly caused by our actions. The sea water levels are going to rise while the land becomes engulfed causing life on earth to diminish. And we are too selfish to look around and realize that we are destroying all habitats. Yet we still act like we are alone on this planet. This ad warns us of both global warming and our selfishness as human beings. By combining three tactics, presentation of text, types of images, and image composition the advertisers show us the affects of both. The use of dying animals, abused natural resources, man made cars, and the melting polar ice cap allows us to see the correlation between the issue of global warming and our selfishness. The presentation of text raises the awareness of people thinking it’s not a major situation, thus selling the ideas of global warming and our selfishness towards the belief of global warming. Each involves us in a selfish manner and uses cause and effect to sell the product. If humans keep being selfish and don’t stop taking advantage of our planet, then there will be no planet left to take advantage of. How to cite Global Warming AD, Papers

Plastic Surgery and Teens free essay sample

You can fix your nose if he says so. You can buy all the makeup MAC can make, but if can’t look inside you, find out who am I too? Be in a position to make me feel so damn unpretty, I’ll make you feel unpretty too. † In the late   90s TLC was known for writing about social issues that young women faced everyday. Their relateable lyrics and connection with their audience was why they were so famous. The song â€Å"unprettty† made that connection with the audience. The media and people around them were telling them how to act dress and behave, but they simply ignored what society told them what the â€Å"perfect† image was. This type of media influence is still prevalent in today’s society, the only thing that has changed is: instead of young girls making drastic fashion changes, they are now going so far as to change their physical appearance. We will write a custom essay sample on Plastic Surgery and Teens or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The purpose of this essay is to make teens aware that the increase of teens getting plastic surgery must be solved. Not only is plastic surgery among teens increasing, but parents are supporting these dramatic changes on their children. My target audience is teens who are thinking about getting some sort of plastic surgery. This is a trend because a teen getting plastic surgery has been on the rise for quite sometime. In past years this was not the case, adults would be getting plastic surgery not teens. The media today plays a big role as to why teens are opting to get plastic surgery. The research question that is posed and will be answered throughout this essay is plastic surgery becoming a problem with teens in today’s society? Plastic surgery is on the rise not only with adult, but within the teen community as well. Many teens resort to plastic surgery because they are bullied, or feel that they are imperfect and this will be the only way the can reach perfection. According to the American society for plastic surgeons, â€Å"nearly 219, 00 surgeries were performed on people 13-19 in 2010† (American society for plastic surgeons 2012). Plastic surgery might work for some teens, but often time they do not understand the risk factors that go along with type of surgery. One solution is that teens should undergo a psychological evaluation before getting any type of plastic or cosmetic surgery. Another solution is teens might also want to know the physical effects of plastic surgery, educate not only the teen, but also the parents on the risk factors of plastic surgery. Another solution is there should be stricter laws for doctors, parents, and teens. The most plausible solution is to educate the teens on the risk factors for plastic surgery. The first solution to the rise of plastic surgery among teens is a psychological evaluation might help determine if plastic surgery is needed. Making sure the teen is mentally mature is important. This solution is important because know what they teen feels and thinks can determine why he or she wants to undergo this surgery. According to an article in the Journal of Health Care and Law Policy (2001) entitled Adolescent medical decision making and the law of the horse, â€Å"the capacity for medical decision making exists (for adults) when a person has the ability to comprehend information relevant to the decision they want to make†(Ouellette 145). For example, a teen cannot understand the magnitude of what plastic surgery is. They often think it is a quick fix to something they think is not â€Å"perfect†, or it will stop a bully from picking on them. The way the view plastic surgery is how a normal functioning adult would view a change of wardrobe style or a haircut. According to a cosmetic contributor for People(2010) magazine, â€Å"singing your teen up for at least four therapy sessions to determine if there are other issues like depression†(Pham 2010). Teens do not like talking to their parents about their issues. Often times going to therapy, having someone to talk and listen to, can lead to what is the underlining problem and why a teen really wants plastic surgery. According to an article in Newsweek (2004) titled, Kids under the Knife, â€Å"Also make sure what is expected from the surgery is realistic. Procedures like rhinoplasty and breast augmentation should be performed only on kids who are fully grown. Otoplasty (pinning, however, can be done starting at the age of 5 or 6. † Teens who want plastic surgery often times show symptoms of depression, bipolar disorder, or even substance abuse. Teens with these and other serious disorders are not in their right state of mind to be making logical decisions; therefore therapists will not let them go through with the surgery. Teens with these conditions often are not the best candidates for plastic surgery. They are undergoing this surgery as a quick fix or for instant gratification. Decisions for medical and non-medical cosmetic body modification are more susceptible to peer influence than are other medical decisions. Most medial decisions are made in the context of the confidential physician-patient relationship. Teens for cosmetic body modification are much more public. Teens are bombarded with images of cosmetically enhanced models in the media. The pressure to meet a culturally defined ideal of beauty is tremendous. Reports of teens seeking cosmetic procedures to escape peer pressure are common. The article in Newsweek (2004) and People (2010) were written in two completely different years, yet they are still advising parents and teens to do the same. Teens must seek psychological help if they are depressed, or have love self-esteem, which leads to depression, or substance abuse. Both of these articles also convey the message that plastic surgery lasts a lifetime, and if you are not sure of this life changing surgery do not get it. The articles are conveying that talking to someone often times can help you become a better person, and help solve the underlining problem. The second solution to the rise of plastic surgery among teens is teens should understand the physical and emotional effects of plastic surgery. Teens and even some adults do not understand the magnitude of how big of a surgery this is. The recovery time to intense surgeries like that do not take weeks; they take months, and even up to a year to full recover. â€Å"Cosmetic surgeries such as breast reconstruction and liposuction are anesthetized. There is a risk of nerve damage, infection, scarring, and death† (Pham 148). Teens think plastic surgery is the solution to an imperfection they have about themselves. Teens have to understand that plastic surgery is not a quick fix. It takes months and years to get the result you desire. It also the patient has to put their part in the recovery process. The patient cannot expect the doctor, and surgery to heal itself, the patient must do what the doctor says to get the results they want, therefore getting the results they desire. Many teens are irresponsible conduct is not as morally reprehensible as that of an adult. Their own vulnerability, cognitive think, and control over their immediate surroundings means teens have a greater claim than adults to be forgiven for failing to escape negative influences in their whole environment. Most children, even in their teenage years, simply are not able to make concrete judgments concerning many decisions, including their need for medical care or treatment, therefore teen should really understand what is going on to their bodies. Adolescents will likely harm themselves, especially when the health care decision involves the exercise of moral judgment; teens find themselves wondering what they should do because they cannot make a judgment call on their own. If teens cannot make these decisions for themselves, they may be forced to live with the decision they made when they were a teens. Opportunities to fix what they have done to their bodies may be permanent, and the teen cannot change that. All in all, allowing teens to go through this surgery, the influences of peer pressure, and the possibility for impulsive decision making, play a key role when it comes to cosmetic surgery. Risk taking, impulsiveness, and responding to peer pressure are cognitive capacities not yet developed in adolescent brains; therefore they find plastic surgery as an outlet to make others like them or like their body. The third solution to the rise of plastic surgery among teens is there should be stricter laws in place for not only doctor, but the patient as well. Currently a teen can not get any type of plastic surgery without parental consent if under the age of eighteen. When a teenager who is younger than 18 comes in for the consultation, he or she must be accompanied by a parent or guardian. We first sit down and discuss the patients request Sometimes there are exceptions for a teen to get plastic surgery. The exception being for medical reason, and even then the teen would have to obtain parental consent. â€Å"You can tell when people (teens) want something done or if they’re simply there because mom has an expectation of the teenage appearance† (Shulman 2008). If the doctor observes that the parent is pushing their son or daughter to get plastic surgery, they should speak up and simply say they will not to the surgery. Clearly it is not what the child wants; therefore they should be able to say no. The parents should not want to change what their son or daughter looks like. Some parents will go through extreme measures to make their child look perfect. The teenager initiates the request. While parental support is essential, the teenagers own desire for plastic surgery must be clearly expressed and repeated over a period of time. The teenager has realistic goals. The young person must appreciate both the benefits and limitations of plastic surgery, avoiding unrealistic expectations about life changes that will occur as a result of the procedure. The teenager has sufficient maturity. Teenagers must be able to tolerate the discomfort and temporary disfigurement of a surgical procedure. Plastic surgery is not recommended for teens that are prone to mood swings or erratic behavior, who are abusing drugs and/or alcohol, or who are being treated for clinical depression or other mental illness. The law takes a fisherman throwing a net into an ocean approach to adolescent decision making. This means that the law usually picks and chooses what they want to make a strict law, and what they don’t. At times, the law affords little or no weight to the choices of teenagers, or limits their choices in order to protect them; therefore teenagers cannot legally purchase alcohol. Another example, those under eighteen cant vote, serve on juries, or gamble legally. Also, Depending on the state, an adolescents consent to sexual activity may be invalid and the act of sex with the teen deemed statutory rape. Other times, the law gives as much respect to the decisions of teenagers as it does those made by adults. Older teens can drop out of high school, hold jobs, and drive cars. n some cases, juveniles may be tried and sentenced as adults for crimes they commit while teenagers. The same has to do with the laws and adolescents wanting to get plastic surgery. Teens can only get plastic surgery with parental consent or if it a medical condition not allowing the teen to complete daily activities. Some critics might argue that teens should be able to do whatever they want to their bodies. Critics might also argue that teens that are bullied would benefit from plastic surgery, therefore they will stop being bullied and they will have a higher self-esteem. Teens are often bullied because they do not live up to what a normal teen should look like. On a recent airing of ABC’s Nightline (2010), the segment entitled â€Å"Teens choose plastic surgery to boost self-esteem†, they followed teens that went through plastic surgery because they were being bullied and chose plastic surgery as a last resort. They said they not only felt better about themselves after the surgery, the bulling stopped, therefore increasing their self-esteem. In surgical practice, the assessment of adolescents satisfaction is difficult, because he increased self-consciousness and dissatisfaction about physical appearance are characteristic for the adolescent age period for girls more so than for boys. In a recent article in People (2010), they interviewed teens who underwent surgery and this is what one of the teens said about how they felt after they had plastic surgery, Jen Selter had always been self-conscious about her nose. For years she wouldnt leave the house without strategically applying bronzer to make my nose look more narrow, she says, and at Roslyn High School in Roslyn Heights, N. Y. she had taken to wearing padded bras and stomach-baring tops to draw attention away from her face. But after her fellow teens began posting nasty comments on her Facebook page-Shes pretty, but her nose is huge and You look like a pelican-Selter decided she was ready for a change. After visits with a therapist to determine I was emotionally ready, says Selter, now 16, she had New York City surgeon Sam Rizk tweak her nose last summer. Im more comfortable with myself now, happier and confident, she says. And I have so many more pictures of myself on Facebook! The psychological effects this had on Selter are what made her opt to have plastic surgery. After the surgery she had to reason to hide her nose to draw attention to another part of her body. Plastic surgery allowed her to live the life she wanted; free of bullying, therefore her being comfortable in her own skin. This is what we all want, to feel good about ourselves, so why not let teens undergo plastic surgery if it let’s them feel good about who they are. The most plausible and best solution is educate teens on the risk factors of plastic surgery. Teens should really think about why they want this surgery? What are the benefits of plastic surgery? Is this something you want 10, 20, or even 30 years from now? Anyone who is thinking about going under the knife should really think about these questions. Also, teens should know what is going into there body, therefore teens should educate themselves on what plastic surgery really is, the benefits, and what can it do to your body if something goes wrong. Most common surgeries that are performed on teenagers are liposuction, tummy tucks, or breast enlargements. Some of these surgeries require substances to be put into the body. Often times things can go wrong, depending on how old you are when getting plastic surgery. Some might not have any side effects, but others might reject the surgery, therefore leaving their bodies disfigured. Many teens do not realize that they young they go under the knife the more risk factors they will encounter. Really knowing your body, if it’s fully developed, and how it world is not only essential for opting for plastic surgery, but just for daily activities throughout your life. Once, you understand how the body works, what a fully develop body looks like, and understanding the risk factors for plastic surgery are, then the teen can make the decision if this is something they can do. Teens should also talk to their parents and pediatricians to find out about physical growth and any underlying health conditions and, most of all, be cautious. All in all, teens and their parents should sit down and talk about why their child wants to have plastic surgery. Parents should listen to what their child has to say, and teens should do the same. Plastic surgery is on the rise not only with adult, but within the teen community as well. Many teens resort to plastic surgery because they are bullied, or feel that they are imperfect and this will be the only way the can reach perfection. The purpose of this essay was to make teens aware that the increase of teens getting plastic surgery must be solved. Not only is plastic surgery among teens increasing, but parents are supporting these dramatic changes on their children. My target audience is teens thinking about getting plastic surgery. The research question that is posed and was answered throughout this essay, is plastic surgery becoming a problem with teens in today’s society? If these solutions are not used teens will not know the risk factors and effects of plastic surgery. Also if there aren’t stricter laws teens will think surgery is a quick fix or it is safe and effective. That is not the case with plastic surgery; sometimes teens do not realize that the recovery time for plastic surgery in a long process. It can take months, even years to get the results that are desired. When someone is fifteen their body is not fully developed, thus creating problems and major health risks, which some teens do not fully understand. Some solutions to this trend are the teen should undergo a psychological evaluation before getting any type of plastic or cosmetic surgery. Another solution might be, teens might also want to know the physical effects of plastic surgery. A third solution is to educate the parents on the risk factors of plastic surgery, and finally there should be stricter laws for doctors, parents, and teens. The most plausible solution is to educate the eens on the risk factors for plastic surgery. If we as a society are concerned about plastic surgery in adolescents, we should proceed with caution. Some procedures may he so risky. An argument could he made, for example, that cosmetic breast augmentation should he harmed for people under the age twenty-one, because the risks of the procedure are so great, the fact that the breasts have may not have fully developed until the late teens or early twenties, and the link that exists between breast augmentation and suicide. The decisions for risky behavior out of the hands of parents and adolescents. They take away choices that could he harmful and save them for adulthood-much like age limits on drinking alcohol, marriage, entering combat. Bans make sense as a means of protecting adolescents from unnecessary risk. The media portrays that teens and young adults, should be skinny, with perfect, hair, and body, they ultimately should be attractive and desirable. Shows like Gossip Girl and 90120 convey that high school should be full of drama and glamour, leading many teens to believe, that perfection is the key to happiness. This is why teens choose plastic surgery.

Structures of Resisitance essays

Structures of Resisitance essays The nature of interaction between traditional agrarian society and the modern world has remained a controversial debate amongst anthropologists, sociologists and political theorists. It remains contentious as to whether the dominance of modern values over traditional is desirable; whether the arrival of the market and modern commerce betters or worsens the conditions of rural society and its relationship with the metropol; whether such change is received with apprehension or optimism by the members of rural society. Joel Migdal, for example, puts forth certain arguments proposing the concept of culture contact- that exposure and contact are the causes of change. Migdal identifies three reasons suggesting why such change would be likely to occur: (1) The benefits of the modern far outweigh the benefits of the traditional. (2) The individual is free from severe institutional restraints which would prevent him from making an unimpeded decision. (3) Those individuals who select the new are rational and are optimisers, and those individuals who do not accept the modern fail to do so because of wrong or nonrational values. Most theorists, however, tend to agree that modern society, for good or bad, is clearly encroaching on traditional agrarian society and gradually moulding its values, economic systems and sociopolitical institutions into variants of the modern equivalent. However, this consensus fails to account for one extremely significant fact: that despite the overwhelming economic, political and cultural dominance of the modern world, traditional agrarian structures continue to persist in various forms: the feudal estates of Third World countries, plantations and latifundismos in Southern Italy and much of Latin America, and so on. The questions thus arise: why do such traditional social relations persist in spite of the modern impulse? Why do customs and rituals and so...

USS Ohio (BB-12) and the Great White Fleet

USS Ohio (BB-12) and the Great White Fleet USS Ohio (BB-12) was a Maine-class battleship that served with the US Navy from 1904 to 1922. The first warship named for the state since the ship-of-the-line USS Ohio that had been launched in 1820, the new battleship represented an improved version of the earlier Illinois-class. Built in San Francisco, Ohio joined the fleet and saw immediate service in the Far East. Transferring to the Atlantic in 1907, it joined the Great White Fleet for its cruise around the world. Ohio was modernized in 1909 and later supported American operations in Mexico. Though briefly decommissioned, it returned to active duty with the US entry into  World War I. Fulfilling a training role during the conflict, Ohio was placed in reserve in 1919 before being removed from the fleet three years later.   Design Approved on May 4, 1898, the Maine-class of battleship was meant to be an evolution of USS Iowa (BB-4) which entered service in June 1897 as well as the more recent Illinois-class. As such, the new battleships were to be of a sea-going design rather than the coastal configuration used in the Indiana- and Kearsarge-classes. Initially designed to mount four 13/35 cal. guns in two twin turrets, the design of the new class changed under the guidance of Rear Admiral George W. Melville and more powerful 12/40 cal. guns were selected instead. This main battery was supported by sixteen 6 guns, six 3 guns, eight 3-pdr guns, and six 1-pdr guns. While the first designs called for using Krupp Cemented armor, the US Navy later decided to utilize Harvey armor which had been employed on earlier battleships. Construction Designated USS Maine (BB-10), the lead ship of the class became the first to carry the name since the armored cruiser whose loss helped incite the Spanish-American War. This was followed by USS Ohio (BB-12) which was laid down on April 22, 1899 at Union Iron Works in San Francisco. Ohio was the only member of the Maine-class to be built on the West Coast. On May 18, 1901, Ohio slid down the ways with Helen Deschler, a relative of Ohio Governor George K. Nash, acting as sponsor. In addition, the ceremony was attended by President William McKinley. Over three years later, on October 4, 1904, the battleship entered commission with Captain Leavitt C. Logan in command. USS Ohio (BB-12) - Overview: Nation: United StatesType: BattleshipShipyard: Union Iron WorksLaid Down: April 22, 1899Launched: May 18, 1901Commissioned: October 4, 1904Fate: Sold for scrap, 1923 Specifications Displacement: 12,723 tonsLength: 393 ft., 10 in.Beam: 72 ft., 3 in.Draft: 23 ft., 10 in.Speed: 18 knotsComplement: 561 men Armament 4 Ãâ€" 12 in. guns16 Ãâ€" 6 in. guns6 Ãâ€" 3 in. guns8 Ãâ€" 3-pounder guns6 Ãâ€" 1-pounder guns2 Ãâ€" .30 in machine guns2 Ãâ€" 18 in. torpedo tubes Early Career As the United States newest battleship in the Pacific, Ohio received orders to steam west to serve as flagship of the Asiatic Fleet. Departing San Francisco on April 1, 1905, the battleship carried Secretary of War William H. Taft and Alice Roosevelt, daughter of President Theodore Roosevelt, on an inspection tour of the Far East. Completing this duty, Ohio remained in the region and operated off Japan, China, and the Philippines. Among the ships crew at this time was Midshipman Chester W. Nimitz who would later lead the US Pacific Fleet to victory over Japan in World War II. With the end of its tour of duty in 1907, Ohio returned to the United States and transferred to the East Coast. Great White Fleet In 1906, Roosevelt became increasingly worried regarding the US Navys lack of strength in the Pacific due to the growing threat posed by the Japanese. To impress upon Japan that the United States could move its main battle fleet to the Pacific with ease, he began planning a world cruise of the nations battleships. Dubbed the Great White Fleet, Ohio, commanded by Captain Charles Bartlett, was assigned to the forces Third Division, Second Squadron. This group also contained its sister ships Maine and Missouri. Departing Hampton Roads on December 16, 1907, the fleet turned south making port calls in Brazil before passing through the Straits of Magellan. Moving north, the fleet, led by Rear Admiral Robley D. Evans, reached San Diego on April 14, 1908. Briefly pausing in California, Ohio and the rest of the fleet then crossed the Pacific to Hawaii before reaching New Zealand and Australia in August. After taking part in elaborate and festive visits, the fleet cruised north to the Philippines, Japan, and China. Completing port calls in these nations, the American fleet transited the Indian Ocean before passing through the Suez Canal and entering the Mediterranean. Here the fleet parted to show the flag in several ports. Steaming west, Ohio made visits to ports in the Mediterranean before the fleet regrouped at Gibraltar. Crossing the Atlantic, the fleet arrived at Hampton Roads on February 22 where it was inspected by Roosevelt. With the conclusion of its world cruise, Ohio entered the yard at New York for a refit and received a new coat of gray paint as well as had a new cage mast installed. Later Career Remaining at New York, Ohio spent much of the next four years training members of the New York Naval Militia as well as conducting occasional operation with the Atlantic Fleet. During this period it received a second cage mast as well as other modern equipment. Though obsolete, Ohio continued to fulfill secondary functions and in 1914 helped support the US occupation of Veracruz. That summer the battleship embarked midshipmen from the US Naval Academy for a training cruise before being deactivated at Philadelphia Navy Yard that fall. Each of the next two summers Ohio reentered commission for training operations involving the Academy. With the US entry into World War I in April 1917, Ohio was re-commissioned. Ordered to Norfolk following its re-commissioning on April 24, the battleship spent the war training sailors in and around the Chesapeake Bay. With the conflicts conclusion, Ohio steamed north to Philadelphia where it was placed in reserve on January 7, 1919. Decommissioned on May 31, 1922, it was sold for scrap the following March in compliance with the Washington Naval Treaty.